Introduction And Trends Of Organizational Time Management

I. Key Issues A. Article Introduction and Trends in Organizational Time Management The Harvard Business Review article, â€Å"Your Scarcest Resource,† addresses the modern phenomenon of the lack of control implementation for managing organizational time. Communication channels including phone calls, meetings, and emails inefficiently exhaust a company’s scarce time, due to a lack of effective management, and ultimately deplete the time they could focus on their customers. Also, decision-making and innovation slackens and this severely impairs the company’s financial health. Although scheduling technologies such as Microsoft Outlook and iCal are employed, the authorization of meetings lacking clear agendas wastes valuable time. Bain Company†¦show more content†¦Third, companies should demand business rationale supportive of all new projects, forcing employees to explain the specific financial value the project could provide to the company and its total cost. Fourth, companies should simplify their organizational structure to encompass fewer layers that will encourage more efficient information flow. Fifth, low-level employees should not be permitted to schedule meetings and their factors in order to preclude the frequent scheduling of discussions that lack clear objectives. Sixth, companies should standardize their decision process to more clearly define who is accountable for vital company decisions. Seventh, companies should establish an organizational culture, promoting time discipline involving factors to include prior preparation for meetings and clear agendas. Finally, organizations should examine factors of employee and executive productivity and provide feedback addressing where time is spent. II. Analysis The article identified the importance of managing a company’s scarce time, as companies typically have controls for managing their capital but are absent of time management controls. Almost 50 percent of executives report that they are not allocating enough time on their strategic objectives, which is concerning (Bevins Smet, 2013). One of the primary controls for managing time

Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1404 Words

This novel has a total of 24 chapters, not including the preface and an introduction. The author organizes the novel by starting the reader at the middle of the story, where Hester Prynne is in custody for adultery. Then, the author proceeds to elaborate on how and why Prynne is in her current state and continues in chronological order. In other words, Hawthorne utilizes a narrative structure where the scarlet letter, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sin, charity, righteousness, grace, and the danger of merely thinking symbolically. It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1: This chapter introduces a town prison, where all of the citizens are watching the next prisoner being escorted. It brings focus on the red rosebush outside the prison, which is a symbol for how Puritan life may appear appealing, but it filled with thorns and is flawed. Chapter 2: Hawthorne introduces the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and how Puritans typically punish sinners. Although Prynne committed adultery, she is sentenced to wearing the scarlet letter, A, on every piece of clothing that she wears for the rest of her life, rather than execution. She wears the letter proudly while holding herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. Author and date of first publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. Hester Prynne- Hester Prynne, the protagonist and wearer of the scarlet letter, is a very independent, loving, intelligent, and at times depressed woman who is the mother of Pearl. b. Arthur Dimmesdale- Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Pearl, is a reverend in town who is greatly honored forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1563 Words   |  7 PagesReading The Scarlet Letter again, I imagine Hester Prynne as she steps out of the Boston jail. She carries her out-of-wedlock baby in her arms but does not hide the A she wears on her breast. Her crime, though it will never be named in the book by more than an initial, is placed on exhibition. Yet she has converted the letter into her own statement by fantastic flourishes of gold embroidery. She is a mystery beyond the reach not only of her fellow Bostonians but also of the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The Scarlet Letter, is about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, while her husband, Chillingworth, w as back in Great Britain. Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town s priest, engage in the act of adultery and have a baby girl named Pearl, though only Hester knows that Dimmesdale is the father. She has promised Dimmesdale not to give up his identity. HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1184 Words   |  5 PagesAs I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and against all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, HawthorneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1961 Words   |  8 PagesVital to the â€Å"A† The Scarlet Letter is a book complete of secrets and deceptions. The book teaches you about the difference about telling the truth or keeping it a secret. It shows you the challenges of both telling the truth and keeping a secret from everyone. There are many vital scenes throughout the book. With many of the scenes, if they weren’t in the book it would have had a completely different ending. The Scarlet Letter is a book full of eventful scenes that keep the book both exciting and interesting

President William McKinley - 2099 Words

â€Å"The march of events rules and overrules human action,† William McKinley’s own words would soon become foretelling for his presidency. On September 6, 1901, at the Pan American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York, President William McKinley reached for another handshake two large bangs interrupted the buzz of voices in the Temple of Music. Eight days later, William McKinley died from his wounds. McKinley’s untimely death shocked the nation and created many changes in the United States as a whole. How and why McKinley was assassinated and what changes occurred due to the death of the President. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. At age ten, he moved with his family to Poland, Ohio. William Jr. was the seventh of eight children. His father owned a small iron foundry which gave young William a strong work ethic and a respectful attitude. William’s mother, Nancy, taught him the value of prayer, courtesy, and honesty in all relations. Education in William’s early years consisted of attending a school run by the Methodist seminary in his hometown of Poland, Ohio. After graduation he attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania for only one term due to illness after his fight with depression and financial difficulties in the family. Financial troubles within the family made it impossible for William to go back to school, forcing him to take a job as a postal clerk and later a teaching position at a school near his home in Poland, Ohio.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Mckinley s President Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam McKinley took office as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897 at age fifty four. McKinley served in office for 4 years 6 months. William McKinley was born in the Trumbull County January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio (Washington Times). William McKinley was assassinated September 14th, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz. Everyone thought for a while he was g oing to have a full recovery from being shot but he ended up with gangrene. Czolgosz last words consisted of, him saying he killed theRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Man Of Great Integrity And One Of The Most Beloved American Presidents1120 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam McKinley, a man of great integrity and one of the most beloved American presidents, altered the nation for the better between the years of 1897 and 1901 and his feats continue to affect our lives today. It was the election of 1896. Amongst an abysmal economic depression, Republican William McKinley was nominated for presidency by Marcus Alonzo Hanna opposing the evangelical democrat, William Jennings Bryan. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party’sRead MoreThe Spanish American War in 18981256 Words   |  5 PagesLà ´me, the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, to Don Josà © Canelejas, the Foreign Minister of Spain. This letter described Seà ±or Don Enrigue Dupuy de Là ´me opinion on the Spanish involvement in Cuba and President William McKinley’s foreign policy. This letter described President McKinley as a â€Å"weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.† This letterRead MoreWhat Is Campaign Finance Reform?1342 Words   |  6 Pagesand parties will be put to it t o fill their coffers by really voluntary contributions. 1905: The 1904 presidential campaign  Ã¢â‚¬Å"crystallized popular sentiment† on the subject of money and politics. In his message to Congress after being elected, President Theodore Roosevelt invoked the power â€Å"to protect the integrity of the elections of its own officials [as] inherent† in government, and called for â€Å"vigorous measures to eradicate† perceived political corruption, for he found â€Å"no enemy of free governmentRead MoreThe True Cause to the Spanish-American War548 Words   |  2 Pagesimperialist sentiments inherent to American society of the late 19th century, as it was driven nearly entirely by jingoism and a large degree of sensationalism. When examining this war, many often conclude that it was the result of the pressure placed on McKinley by multiple expansionists within Washington - that such men as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were, perhaps, the primary cause for this imperialist endeavour. However, upon deeper insp ection it appears to be that such men can not be notedRead MoreGreat Britain And The United States1062 Words   |  5 Pagescomparison of key components. William McKinley, 25th President of the United States Humble Beginnings William McKinley came from humble roots. It easy to suggest that he was the all American boy who lived the all American Dream. Born in 1843 the seventh child of a close-knit two parent working class family. McKinley was raised in Ohio in a very religious, pro abolition, whiggish environment which was typical of the era and the region of the nation at that time. William McKinley planned as a young man toRead MoreThe Battle Of The Uss Maine1458 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 19th, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Over the next three months the United States, along with Cuban Rebels waged war against the Spanish forces in hopes of returning the Cuban lands back to its people. President McKinley who was pressured into war by yellow press, sent American forces into battle which ultimately led to the birth of a western hemispheric super power, the United States. The sinking of the USS Maine, the use of yellow press journalism, and the national uproarRead MoreWilliam Mckinl ey And The Civil War1270 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. As being born and raised in the United States, he met two of the qualifications to run for President. Although education is not a requirement to run for president, McKinley went to school that was run by a Methodist seminary in his hometown of Ohio. After McKinley completed that, he went to Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1860. William attended Allegheny for only one term because of his financial problems. When theRead More William McKinley Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages William McKinley 25th President of the United States. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, a town of about 300 people. He was the 7th child born to William and Nancy Alison McKinley His family moved to Poland, Ohio when he was nine years old so that the children could go to a private school called the Poland Academy. In school William liked to read, debate, and he was the president of the school’s first debate club. When he was 16 he went to Allegheny College in MeadvilleRead MoreWilliam Mckinley, A Influential Leader For Making The United States1734 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam McKinley, creditable for being a prominent leader for making the United States a better place and changing the life for American people. He is noted for his success in moving the country forward through the tariffs that he had put in place, the establishment of the gold standard, the victory of the Spanish American war, and importance of foreign policy. William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio with his dad, William Sr. McKinley, his mom, Nancy McKinley, and 7 siblings. William was enrolled

Running Head Leadership in Business

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century leader of a (business, government or not-for-profit) organisation. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation? Answer: Introduction Leaders are the one who are able to lead an organisation. There are always a great evaluation of the qualities which mainly reflect the personality like honesty, and integrity, caring for the youth and better communication skills. These all add up to bring a change in the way of delivering and vouched behaviour to impress the people which is able to deliver and depict the positivity in the attitude. The creative approach to lead the nation has been completely depicted by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. With his existence after coming to power, all his efforts have been to collaborate the nation and try to help all the people in bringing a change in their lives. Many have come and gone but only fake promises have been followed with them. (Haslam et al., 2015). No reliability or no conclusion along with the half work done on clearing the areas have led to change and irresponsible attitude. Leading a nation is not easy but trying to put in the best is the main object where you can Learn, Earn, Access and Direct for a better future. Description Traits of the Leader Being an old yet enthusiastic leader, he is one of those who want to walk with the thoughts and the needs of the common people. To his existence as a BJP leader, his involvement in the Kashmir floods in 2014 and providing rescue to all the areas have successfully been able to manage all the problems at that time. Even though he is not learned and belongs to a small town, but his efforts have been tremendously appraising. His love for the country and the collaboration has led to organisation of a better leading society. His journey from Gujarat to being a leader in New Delhi has only been successful with the ideas he has put in to communicate with the youth. Being considered as the best, he is evaluated on the traits as below: 1. He is the personified personal who is the role model for the public and his work in the politics is mainly to control the powers. He does not include his family everywhere he is able to get the benefits rather try to be a normal person and try to walk with the crowd. 2. Another way to manage his perceiving power and to extract the biggest profit from the best and the tougher times could only prove that he is liberal enough and try to appal all the audience to change as a whole. 3. Priority is the one which makes him different from all leaders. The government is always dismantled if the small positioned ministers are not handled effectively and they are not given a keen loo on their work. The work of cleaning the Ganga River and trains establishment have helped people a lot to mark the right governance in India. (Nilson et al., 2015). 4. Above all the politics in the party, the organisation has been able to maintain a control in the state which is managed as per the organisation. 5. The performance of the parliamentary support has let Modi to reach to an extra-ordinary approach. The speech and the performance has been awe-struck in the crowd with the promises being in effect. His 100 days in power have been so influential that the people are impressed with his nature and the way he is carrying out the organisation. (Parker, 2015). Presently, making relations with the other countries is the major funda, he has focused upon in order to collaborate the ideas and bring the world on a short pace. A grand salute to the person who managed to call Barack Obama, President of United States with a confirmation that there will be a tight security, but it will surely help him to get into better agreements of some major projects. The soul identity to who has tried to step forward and bring the change in the nation is Modi. Controlling the powers, and attacking the smallest reasons which could be major enough to bring into point the agenda of holding why the spark of India lacks when it is presented in other countries. The powers and the way which cause slap-in the big identity to balance the community is possible only when people are able to care about such happenings. India is above all traits or any practices but when it comes to discrimination, it still lacks and equal opportunities are divided in such a way that more non-deserving people receives the best and the deserving candidates have to lack behind. It has been generally seen that whatever promises the leader do, the people appoint him accordingly. But Narendra Modi has been the one who did not do much propaganda rather tried to implement all the work he claimed to get completed and all what was in his hand. This ability to rise above the (Bronstein Fitzpatrick, 2015) fact has been tremendous enough for the people who respect their decision of choosing the correct person. Who is the one who picks by a broom just to clean the roads? Who is the one who is ready to take the first step and try to bring cleanliness to all the places where he is approachable enough? Taking care of his family, health as well as country is a major task. Concentrating on it separately and nicely is a big accomplishment and he has been pursuing his task very well. No leader could bear to get Ganga cleaned as they were not attached with it, but being Modi into action, the first task of his was to provide the nation a great prestige where, the people were able to enjoy the clean Yamuna, Ganga rivers. His strong connection with the kind of work he did is impressive enough and he has been accomplished in doing it to a long extent. Efforts is what one can put into the work and his handful approach has presently led to a beneficial creditability to the rise in the stock share markets. Earlier, as everything was at a hike, it was not easy to carry (Kyaga et al., 2015) out with the organisation properly and so there were problems relating to it. But presently, a common man is able to save his daily savings as the expenditure in the daily products as well as fuel is no so high that he wont be able to afford as per his earning. If these efforts are going to be continued, then people will surely be at benefit and India would be able to rise above all nations in terms of cleanliness and the sanskriti. The traditional (Dimitrov, 2015) outlook is popular in the world but it only lacks in the cultures, it has adopted which are against the normal functioning too. Different leading The Prime Minister has tried to put in his all the efforts which could bring a handful sight of the nation. The collaboration and less of daily issues in the country will surely improve the condition of India in the long run. But since even a small suggestion, one could send to Modi is that he should try to make laws and implement them in the country for people who are always attacking girls. There has been a bad image and unloading of the stiff rules which has made girls so unsafe in the city to travel around. I would completely recommend or put in more efforts to track and configure such technologies which could embrace a change and bring a commotion wherein (Kumar, 2015) the people have the right to move on the roads without any anxiety. The unsafe place for the girls has been a major cause of the concern. Eradicating the parda system and let them live their life should be the main goal as there are still many small towns who are ready to give their small girl child to a boy in ma rriage when they do not know what the tradition is all about. If such happenings continue to be there then, there will be no progress of the nation. Only saying that girls hold equally important position does not bring a right and efficient outlook, one has to mean it and work for better proposals. There are people who are not bothered about this fact rather they continue to be busy in their life. Sometimes considering the birth of the girl child is a blame for all those people where it is not the mistake rather a pretty gift of God bestowed upon some fortunate people. If all this will not change, then there is assurance that people will not have a better outlook and they would pursue will their continuous orthodox minds which would never help in leading a better nation. Holding a reputed position in the country, there are many responsibilities which are inlaid upon a person but the major issues are to be on the top of the list which could make it reasonable enough for the people even to continue with their daily life fearlessly. Being optimistic and confident enough to could complete inspire the leader to take a step forward and think about the girls whether (Hughes et al., 2015) they are equipped with what they have in hand or not. Being responsible enough, the perception to negotiate and balance the practicing could be difficult but important to become a dynamic personality who is ready to take up the responsibility. The management and the perseverance to arrange the public can lead to a big chaos at times but there can be assurance where people will be holding a higher aspect of life attaining a range of time where there is a complete freedom to all. Another idea and implementation which could be done on a smaller side, could be that the people c ould be more brought closer and discriminations which are generally on the caste system must be eradicated. A higher ranker does not get a better position or a college for his graduation just because he belong to a very reputed class rather a failure in school is always a failure at college. He deserves to be in the same position. But the caste system generally has an effect which provides him with the best colleges. These are the reasons which are majorly for the suicidal approach. A lot of people lack so many (Soane et al., 2015) opportunities who could actually bring a lot of change in the normal functioning of the nation. The attempts should be made and people should not be compelled to choose something which is beyond their level. Conclusion Taking a close look, the leader is only one who is able to motivate the crowd and remove the discrepancies which are making people separate. The self-esteem of a person is a major point where experience could lead to extraversion and integrity too. The leaders should access themselves and realise that there is a great response which could lead to perceiving a beauty and setting the goals for effective approaches. Building up a motivational team and communicate with the people to achieve the vision can only be achieved with impressive speeches. Being aware of the leaders and the (Abbasiyannejad Silong, 2015) work that is going around can enhance the productivity as well as empathy which would be a great cause of concern for some. Being honest and bluntly publicise the ideas is only the best pre-planned activity to attract the youth, but how much one can implement is the question of an hour. Reference Hughes, R, Ginnett, R Curphy, G 2015, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, 8th edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Kyaga, S., Lichtenstein, P., Boman, M., Landn, M. (2015). Bipolar disorder and leadershipa total population study.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,131(2), 111. Kumar, A. K. (2015). Facultys Self-Leadership and Organizational Identification in Promoting Universities as Learning Organizations.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(1S1), 35. Parker, D. W., Holesgrove, M., Pathak, R. (2015). Improving productivity with self-organised teams and agile leadership.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,64(1). Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Platow, M. J. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Nilsson, J. S. (2015). Youth Leadership and Empowerment in the Music Classroom: Models of Student Leadership in Acosta, Costa Rica; Mountain View, California; and Queens, New York.2014 NCUR. Bronstein, C., Fitzpatrick, K. R. (2015). Preparing Tomorrows Leaders Integrating Leadership Development in Journalism and Mass Communication Education.Journalism Mass Communication Educator, 1077695814566199. Abbasiyannejad, M., Silong, A. D. (2015). Contemporary Leadership Theories. InChaos, Complexity and Leadership 2013(pp. 327-330). Springer International Publishing. Dimitrov, D. (2015). Leadership in a Humane Organization.European Journal of Training and Development,39(2). Soane, E., Butler, C., Stanton, E. (2015). Followers personality, transformational leadership and performance.Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal,5(1).

Islamic Accounting free essay sample

An alternative method to improve fair and just between bank and customer is proposed. 1. Introduction The growth of Islamic financial market and institution create the need for different accounting requirement. This is because Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) has distinctive features from conventional financial institution. The recording not only has to facilitate transactions happen in IFI, but also has to meet Shariah compliant. A lot of issues rose for accounting and control of IFI. One of the issues is accounting basis of income recognition. Islamic accounting can be defined as the â€Å"accounting process† which provides appropriate information to stakeholders of an entity which will enable them to ensure that the entity is continuously operating within the bounds of the Islamic Shariah and delivering on its socioeconomic objectives. Islamic accounting is also a tool, which enables Muslims to evaluate their own accountabilities to God (in respect of interhuman/environmental transactions). 1 1 Shahul Hameed, Accounting and Auditing for Islamic Financial Institution, page. 1 In conventional banks, how they recognise the income does not affect the distribution profit to the depositor. They use interest mechanism, give interest to depositor and receive interest from debtor. Unlike conventional banks, Islamic bank are not operated with interest mechanism. It is operated with buying and selling basis, profit and loss sharing or leasing. It is a financial intermediary between investors and entrepreneurs. How much the depositors will get their return depends on how good Islamic bank generate profit. Therefore, income recognition in Islamic Banks will affect their profit distribution to their depositors because different income recognition basis will give different implication for all the parties involved. Accounting recognition refers to recording the basic element of the financial statements. The concept of accounting recognition define the basic principles that determine the timing of revenue, expense, gain and loss recognition in the bank’s income statement and, in turn, the basic principles that determine the timing of assets and liabilities recognition. The concepts of accounting recognition also determine the timing of recognizing profits and losses resulting from restricted investments in the statement of changes in restricted investments. 2 Currently, there are two basis of recognition in accounting, namely cash basis and accrual basis. The characteristic of each basis will be discussed in the next section. The issue is which one that should be the basis of income recognition from Islamic perspective. 2. Accounting Principles from Islamic Perspective There are three major Islamic principles mentioned in Qur’an which related with financial dealings and contracts. These are: †¢ †¢ †¢ Realization of fairness and justice Preservation of the rights and dues of all parties Paying zakah (that necessitates having accurate and just financial statements which represent accurately and truly the financial position of the entity)3. AAOIFI, Statement of Financial Accounting No. 2 Eltegani, Accounting postulates and principles from an Islamic Perspective, Review of Islamic Economics. page. 9 3 2 2 The first two Islamic principles are emphasized by the Holy Qur’an. It is instructed that measure and weight should be given with justice and without withholding from people what is theirs (QS 6:152, 7:29, 11:85, 17:35, 55:9, 57:25). In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 282, Muslims are asked to write down faithfully and precisely when dealing in financial transactions involving further obligation (debt). â€Å"O you who believe! When you deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period of time, reduce them to writing† and â€Å"Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties† (QS 2:282) Therefore, Islam required accounting which helps to keep and record the rights and dues of all parties. The third principle, which is paying zakah is one of the pillars of Islam. Allah SWT requires Muslims with specified minimum wealth (nisab) to pay zakah. Having accurate and just financial statement is necessity to determine the amount of zakah. 3. The Concept of Accrual and Cash Basis Accounting The policy of recognizing revenue in the accounting records when it is earned and recognizing expenses when the related goods or services are used is called the accrual basis of accounting. The purpose of accrual accounting is to measure the profitability of the economic activities conducted during the accounting period. Accrual-basis accounting records financial events based on economic activity rather than financial activity. Under accrual accounting, revenue is recorded when it is earned and realized, regardless of when actual payment is received. 4 The most important concept involved in accrual accounting is the matching principle. Revenue is offset with all the expenses incurred in generating that revenue, thus providing a measure of the overall profitability of the economic activity. From Islamic 4 Jan R. Williams, et al. (2003). Financial Accounting, page. 104 3 perspective, the matching principle provides fairness and justice simultaneously to shareholders and depositors in Islamic banks. 5 An alternative for accrual basis is called cash basis accounting. Under cash basis accounting revenue is recognized when cash is collected from the customer, rather than when the company sells goods or rendered services. Expenses are recognized when payment is made, rather than when the related goods or services are used in business operations. The cash basis of accounting measures the amounts of cash received and paid out during the period, but it does not provide a good measure of the profitability of activities undertaken during the period. 6 Cash-basis accounting does not recognize promises to pay or expectations to receive money or service in the future, such as payables, receivables, and prepaid or accrued expenses. There are two types of cash-basis accounting: strict and modified. Strict cash basis records cash outflow and inflow only. Modified cash basis includes some elements from accrual basis, such as receivable and inventory. For example, the bank enter mudaraba contract with mudarib A for four years. In the first year, the mudarib declared profit but has not paid to the bank yet. In accrual basis, bank will record this share of profit as account receivable from mudarib A. In cash basis, bank would not record anything because there is not cash movement to or from the bank. If after the project finish, mudarib A still have outstanding balance, modified cash basis will recognize it as account receivable from mudarib A. Cash basis still does not record this event because there is not involve cash movement. 4. Choice of Cash or Accrual Basis Accounting Cash or accrual accounting has been the subject of discussion among Shariah jurist. Fiqh experts have determined that cash basis of accounting to be a mode of practice to account for Islamic transactions in the past. 5 Eltegani, Accounting postulates and principles from an Islamic Perspective, Review of Islamic Economics, page. 11 6 Jan R. Williams, et al. (2003). Financial Accounting, page. 104 4 The early mudaraba contract was conceived of â€Å"primarily as an instrument of singleventure commerce. It was, indeed, ideally suited for this purpose and was extensively used in this way†7. The accounting rules developed by early Islamic jurist for such single-ventures recommend a cash basis for the recognition of profit and stipulated that it should be realized and allocated between parties when the venture is terminated and the mudarib remits to the capital provider. The realization principle is considered acceptable from the Islamic viewpoint as far as recording of transactions are concerned. It is prudent to recognize revenue only when it is realized. But this convention might harm transitional investors who withdraw from investment. Depositors in some Islamic banks have the right to withdraw their funds at any time. Therefore, if some of them withdraw before the full liquidation of the project in which their funds or part of them have actually participated, they may lose all or part of the profit that might be realized in the future. 8 Mudaraba investment accounts in some Islamic banks are entitled to a part of the realized profits for the accounting period. Since these profits do include profits or loss of projects which are not yet liquidated, investors who withdraw at this stage may well not share in the profits of some of the projects in which their money have actually participated. Hence it may be argued that this conflicts with the requirement of justice and fairness. Co-mingling of funds in Mudaraba contracts, separate legal entity, going concern are concepts that cash accounting has failed to address completely but they exist in the Islamic banking business today. In Malaysia, modified cash accounting has been the basis of accounting used by Islamic bank as the Shariah council of the bank has permitted the use of modified cash accounting for the bank. 9 AAOIFI’s FAS 3 explains that realization profit is the time at which it can be established that profit is achieved in a Mudaraba.

Memory Management Requirements Essay Sample free essay sample

The computing machine runing system could be considered the encephalon of the computing machine collective. Like the human encephalon. it manages plans and oversees activities inside the computing machine. It besides manages computing machine system resources and performs operations efficaciously and expeditiously with consistence. and facilitates connexions to the Internet and other webs. One map of the operating system is memory direction. which is optimising the usage of chief memory. known as Random Access Memory ( RAM ) . RAM is allocated by the operating system to affected plans as required and so recalls the memory allotment when the plan is completed. ( However. although RAM used by a plan or procedure is supposed to be released when no longer needed. this does non ever go on. This is called memory leaking. The consequence is the computing machine temporarily running out of functional memory. Current systems can observe and automatically re-allocate memory ; whereas earlier s ystems would necessitate a computing machine reboot to review RAM. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Management Requirements Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Today’s plans are typically memory intensive ( such as Windows XP. and Windows 7. which require anyplace from 64 to 128 MB of RAM ) . and need extra RAM. Effective direction of memory helps increase efficient system procedure responses. An illustration frequently utilised is practical memory. This is where the operating system uses the computer’s difficult thrust as auxiliary RAM. Programs and informations in potentia are stored in the â€Å"virtual memory† ( an allocated country of the difficult thrust ) . This is referred to as the barter file. Virtual memory is divided into pages or sections. depending on the operating system’s design. These are detached subdivisions of a program’s corporate whole. which are downloaded into RAM as needed during the executing of the plan. Though RAM will overwrite â€Å"pages or segments† with new 1s. practical memory maintains all plan subdivisions intact during the plan processes. The transportation from practical memory to RAM is frequently called swapping. and continues until the plan is finished. Virtual memory allows the usage of more memory than is available entirely in RAM ; nevertheless. the trade-off is a slower executing of the plan. Modern runing systems allow the user to apportion specific sums of difficult thrust infinite for their practical memory demands. Another illustration of memory direction utilised but considered lasting / semi-permanent. is called the file system. File systems are stored on the difficult thrust. every bit good as on the chief. or â€Å"mother board† . File systems located on the female parent board are â€Å"burned† into memory. and can merely be modified within a limited discrepancy. They are portion of the computer’s basic input/output system ( BIOS ) . and command such things as system booting ( computing machine startup ) . and keyboard map. BIOS are besides called â€Å"firmware† . On the other manus. file systems stored on the difficult thrust are semi-permanent. and can be added. removed. or modified by the user. more or less at will. However. these files in the file system do non necessitate power to keep unity. That is. the computing machine can be powered down. without losing the information stored in the files located on the difficult thrust. Files located on the difficult thrust shop both plans. every bit good as informations to be utilized by said plans. These files are what the operating system draws upon in order to execute the maps required by the user. The concluding idea for this casual paper is the construct of buffering and spooling. Compared to current treating units. some input/output devices are highly slow ( such as pressmans. and the keyboard ) . Memory direction allows for moving as a â€Å"traffic cop† . to keep up slower and larger processing demands. and allow quicker and smaller demands to acquire to their finish. and so let the old plan demands to go on with their maps. For illustration. print instructions can be buffered in a â€Å"queue† . or keeping form. In fact. multiple print petitions can be buffered into a â€Å"queue† . without doing the processing unit to wait. for one map to complete. before go oning another. This is called â€Å"spooling† . Spooling prioritizes what â€Å"mac truck† goes foremost in the public presentation of a demand. without keeping up the processing unit. Hence the construct of memory direction being called the computer’s â€Å"traffic cop† . Mentions Morley. D. . Parker. C. S. . ( 2007 ) . Understanding Computers: Thomson CourseTechnology 11th Ed. System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs. 182 ( 5 ) . 189-191. Stalls. W. . ( 2012 ) . Operating Systems: 7th Ed. . Prentice Hall. . Pearson. Inc. . Internals and Design Principles. 2 ( 2. 3 ) . 62-74.Rathbone. A. . ( 2004 ) . Windows XP for DUMMIES: 2nd ED. . Wiley Publishing. Inc. .A Mention for the Rest of Us! . 9.

Soccer Argumentative Essay Topics - The Best Essay Topic Ideas That Your High School or College Admissions Committee Will Want to Read

Soccer Argumentative Essay Topics - The Best Essay Topic Ideas That Your High School or College Admissions Committee Will Want to ReadUsing soccer argumentative essay topics to help you prepare for the SAT, whether in your high school or college admissions, is very important. The reason being is that, since it is an essay, there are a lot of things that you need to think about and take into consideration before you can write the essay properly. In this article, I will explain some of the topics that you should consider when writing the essay.One thing that you should always keep in mind, especially if you're preparing for college, is that you should avoid cliches. This is because soccer is a game that has many rules, which makes it a bit hard to break down into easy points. In order to make your arguments as compelling as possible, you need to be able to identify points that you can point out without using a stereotype. For example, there are several people who call soccer a 'footbal l'.However, people like you and me, refer to it as 'field ball' instead. When you're using this type of soccer argumentative essay topics, it is best that you to use the stereotype of the field ball when it comes to finding statistics or other kinds of information. Don't go too far with it, but that is what you should be using.Another important thing to keep in mind when you're writing soccer argumentative essay topics is to be sure that you address your topic in a way that makes sense. Never use any kind of word that sounds awkward when you're writing. In other words, don't ever say something like, 'a bunch of baby sluts' when you're trying to come up with ideas for the essay.You need to focus on writing about something that people actually use. If you say 'shoe ball', people won't be able to relate this to your subject. On the other hand, ifyou say 'field ball', then you will be able to make it sound more appropriate.When you're looking at the soccer argumentative essay topics, yo u should consider the different ways that people talk about the game. In fact, you can actually use the various ways people refer to the game to write about it. For example, you can say 'the ball floats around the field' when talking about a goal. However, you can also say 'the ball gets stuck in the middle of the goal'.When you're writing the soccer argumentative essay topics, you have to ensure that you stay as close to reality as possible. Don't take it too far and try to create a fantasy world about the game. By doing this, you will be able to create a very interesting article.The last thing that you should do is to make sure that you make use of a good grammar and style guide. In other words, make sure that you're aware of how to use this when you're writing your essay. This way, you will be able to achieve a certain level of perfection in your writing, while you're making a great impression on your potential employers.